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Tenses (Part 1)
Assalamualaikum and hi.. :)
Just so you know, most of us are still confused by the usage of tenses in our essays. My purpose to write this post is to give enlightenment for you guys even though I know my grammar is not perfect as well. But, I'll try to help based on my knowledge and senses. And for your information, I use an English Grammar Book written by Drs John S. Hartanto as a reference to ensure everything that I've written is veritable and accurate.
Because there is a lot of tenses, so I'll just divide into some parts and will keep updating until the tenses are all finished.
Present Tense (Waktu sekarang)
Simple Present Tense (Waktu sekarang sederhana)
Penggunaan :
- menjelaskan peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu
sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana
- perbuatan tersebut dilakukan secara berulang-ulang
-kebiasaan sehari-hari
Contoh : I
go to school every day
-dipakai untuk menyatakan
kebenaran umum yang tidak dapat dibantah (irrefutable facts)
Contoh :
A week
has seven days
Rainbow
appears after rain
The moon
shines by night
Note :
Apabila ayat didahului dengan
kata kerja bantu (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, do, does, did),
jangan tambah 's' walaupun pokok kalimatnya orang ketiga tunggal.
Contoh :
He
can speak English
She
may go home
He
must work hard
Nampak? Verbs are root words. Don't ever change that.
Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)
-menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang
FORMULA
TO BE (am, are, is) + PRESENT PARTICIPLE (ING-FORM)
-dipakai untuk menyatakan
perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung
Contoh :
They
are studying English now.
-dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang
bersifat sementara. (temporary)
Contoh :
She
is reading now but she will write soon.
-dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang dimaksud pada
waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh :
We
are going to write a letter to our favorite singers after the class ended.
Note :
Kata kerja yang
biasanya tidak digunakan dalam present continuous (walaupun perbuatan itu dilakukan sekarang) :
Verbs of emotion (menyatakan perasaan)
- like, dislike, refuse, want dsb.
Contoh :
I like Mr Cat. (Bukan I am liking Mr Cat)
I dislike classical music, so I refuse to listen to it. (Bukan I am disliking ataupun I am refusing)
Verbs of senses (hal yang berhubungan dengan pancaindera)
-feel, smell, taste, hear, see, dsb
Contoh :
I
feel heavy in the head.
I
hear something.
I
see something in the distance.
Verbs of thought or opinion ( menyatakan pendapat)
-believe, expect, forget, know, prefer, realize, think, understand dsb.
Contoh :
I
believe your word.
I
expect to receive a letter soon.
I
forget what she said to me earlier.
I
think English is easy to learn. (troll face :P)
To think yang bermakna 'saya anggap' atau 'berpendapat' harus dalam bentuk simple present tense.
Namun, dalam erti 'memikirkan', to think boleh digunakan dalam bentuk Present Continuous.
Contoh : I am thinking about the problem.
Verbs of Possession
-own, belong to, owe
Contoh :
He
owns two cars. (Bukan He
is owning two cars)
I
owe him five dollars. (Bukan I
am owing him five dollars)
Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Selesai Sekarang)
-menerangkan
peristiwa yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau
-masih ada
hubungan dengan masa sekarang.
-waktu berlaku
tidak diketahui
FORMULA
I/YOU/THEY/WE + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
HE/SHE/IT + HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
-menyatakan
kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan masih ada
kaitannya dengan waktu sekarang
Contoh :
She
has taught English since five years ago.
I
have lived here for three years.
-menyatakan
peristiwa yang telah terjadi
Contoh :
I
have seen it.
-menunjukkan suatu perbuatan ulangan pada
waktu yang tidak tertentu SEBELUM sekarang.
Dalam hal ini, sering dipakai katakata seperti
before, already, ever, never, yet
Contoh :
I have heard this
before.
I have
already seen him.
Have you
ever eaten fried fries?
The bus has not stopped
yet.
-menunjukkan perbuatan yang selesai pada waktu yang singkat.
Contoh :
The time has
at last arrived.
Finally, she has started to sing.
I have
just spoken to him.
I have seen him
recently.
Ingat, jangan menggunakan keterangan waktu lampau pada present perfect tense.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Selesai sedang Berlangsung Sekarang)
-menyatakan perbuatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.
FORMULA
I/YOU/THEY/WE + HAVE+ BEEN+ PRESENT PARTICIPLE (-ING)
HE/SHE/IT + HAS + BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Contoh :
I
have been staying at this place this month. (maknanya dia dah duduk dekat rumah tu bermula bulan ni hingga sekarang)
We
have been waiting for you since eight o'clock.
She
has been taking medical course for over three years.
Older post / Newer post
Tenses (Part 1)
Assalamualaikum and hi.. :)
Just so you know, most of us are still confused by the usage of tenses in our essays. My purpose to write this post is to give enlightenment for you guys even though I know my grammar is not perfect as well. But, I'll try to help based on my knowledge and senses. And for your information, I use an English Grammar Book written by Drs John S. Hartanto as a reference to ensure everything that I've written is veritable and accurate.
Because there is a lot of tenses, so I'll just divide into some parts and will keep updating until the tenses are all finished.
Present Tense (Waktu sekarang)
Simple Present Tense (Waktu sekarang sederhana)
Penggunaan :
- menjelaskan peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu
sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana
- perbuatan tersebut dilakukan secara berulang-ulang
-kebiasaan sehari-hari
Contoh : I
go to school every day
-dipakai untuk menyatakan
kebenaran umum yang tidak dapat dibantah (irrefutable facts)
Contoh :
A week
has seven days
Rainbow
appears after rain
The moon
shines by night
Note :
Apabila ayat didahului dengan
kata kerja bantu (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, do, does, did),
jangan tambah 's' walaupun pokok kalimatnya orang ketiga tunggal.
Contoh :
He
can speak English
She
may go home
He
must work hard
Nampak? Verbs are root words. Don't ever change that.
Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)
-menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang
FORMULA
TO BE (am, are, is) + PRESENT PARTICIPLE (ING-FORM)
-dipakai untuk menyatakan
perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung
Contoh :
They
are studying English now.
-dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang
bersifat sementara. (temporary)
Contoh :
She
is reading now but she will write soon.
-dipakai untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang dimaksud pada
waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh :
We
are going to write a letter to our favorite singers after the class ended.
Note :
Kata kerja yang
biasanya tidak digunakan dalam present continuous (walaupun perbuatan itu dilakukan sekarang) :
Verbs of emotion (menyatakan perasaan)
- like, dislike, refuse, want dsb.
Contoh :
I like Mr Cat. (Bukan I am liking Mr Cat)
I dislike classical music, so I refuse to listen to it. (Bukan I am disliking ataupun I am refusing)
Verbs of senses (hal yang berhubungan dengan pancaindera)
-feel, smell, taste, hear, see, dsb
Contoh :
I
feel heavy in the head.
I
hear something.
I
see something in the distance.
Verbs of thought or opinion ( menyatakan pendapat)
-believe, expect, forget, know, prefer, realize, think, understand dsb.
Contoh :
I
believe your word.
I
expect to receive a letter soon.
I
forget what she said to me earlier.
I
think English is easy to learn. (troll face :P)
To think yang bermakna 'saya anggap' atau 'berpendapat' harus dalam bentuk simple present tense.
Namun, dalam erti 'memikirkan', to think boleh digunakan dalam bentuk Present Continuous.
Contoh : I am thinking about the problem.
Verbs of Possession
-own, belong to, owe
Contoh :
He
owns two cars. (Bukan He
is owning two cars)
I
owe him five dollars. (Bukan I
am owing him five dollars)
Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Selesai Sekarang)
-menerangkan
peristiwa yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau
-masih ada
hubungan dengan masa sekarang.
-waktu berlaku
tidak diketahui
FORMULA
I/YOU/THEY/WE + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
HE/SHE/IT + HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
-menyatakan
kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan masih ada
kaitannya dengan waktu sekarang
Contoh :
She
has taught English since five years ago.
I
have lived here for three years.
-menyatakan
peristiwa yang telah terjadi
Contoh :
I
have seen it.
-menunjukkan suatu perbuatan ulangan pada
waktu yang tidak tertentu SEBELUM sekarang.
Dalam hal ini, sering dipakai katakata seperti
before, already, ever, never, yet
Contoh :
I have heard this
before.
I have
already seen him.
Have you
ever eaten fried fries?
The bus has not stopped
yet.
-menunjukkan perbuatan yang selesai pada waktu yang singkat.
Contoh :
The time has
at last arrived.
Finally, she has started to sing.
I have
just spoken to him.
I have seen him
recently.
Ingat, jangan menggunakan keterangan waktu lampau pada present perfect tense.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Selesai sedang Berlangsung Sekarang)
-menyatakan perbuatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.
FORMULA
I/YOU/THEY/WE + HAVE+ BEEN+ PRESENT PARTICIPLE (-ING)
HE/SHE/IT + HAS + BEEN + PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Contoh :
I
have been staying at this place this month. (maknanya dia dah duduk dekat rumah tu bermula bulan ni hingga sekarang)
We
have been waiting for you since eight o'clock.
She
has been taking medical course for over three years.
Older post / Newer post
